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Assessment of contamination around the landfill Pozďátky
Sedláček, Jaroslav ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the characterization of the locality and on the evaluation of water contamination in a short distance from Pozďátky - the hazardous landfill. The occurrence of the selected contaminants is assessed. The samples were collected at five different locations: landfill leaks, the confluence of these leaks with the Prašinec creek, in other parts of the Prašinec creek affected by contaminated waters and on the very site of the creek Prašinec where no water pollution has been expected.
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Toxic metals in water and sediments of Brno water reservoir
Bořek, Tomáš ; Čelechovská, Olga (referee) ; Dočekalová, Hana (advisor)
Diploma thesis deals with usage of the diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT) for the determination of labile metal species in the surface water and sediments of Brno water reservoir. Sediment and water samples were collected on the selected sides of Brno water reservoir on September and October 2008. The DGT technique was used for determination of depth profiles of Fe, Mn, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni and Al. The DGT probes with three different thicknesses of diffusive layer were applied into the sediment samples. The obtained results gave the information about release of metals from solid phase into the pore water of sediment. The concentrations of Fe, Mn, Pb and Cd in sediments were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry after microwave decomposition. The DGT technique was used also for determination of Fe, Mn, Pb and Cd in surface water from Brno water reservoir.
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Transport of selected metals from the soil to the plants
Šilerová, Iva ; Sommer, Lumír (referee) ; Dočekalová, Hana (advisor)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the soil, contamination of selected heavy metals and transport of heavy metals from soil to plants. The entry of heavy metals, their reactions in the soil and their transport into the plant material are described here. Lead, cadmium and copper have been selected as the studied toxic metals. There are also described methods of soil sampling, sample preparation for analysis and determination of heavy metals in the sample.
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Mapování obsahů toxických kovů v zeminách v oblasti Hranic a Teplic nad Bečvou
Kotásková, Michaela
This thesis focuses on the occurrence of toxic metals, specifically Mo, Sr, U, Rb, Th, Pb, As, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, and V, in the soil environment of Hranice Karst. Forest soils, soils in the Bečva River valley, and arable soils were examined, with a focus on locations with possible contamination (waste landfill, cement plant). Samples were taken according to the manual for geochemical mapping, both from the surface and at a depth of 25 cm. Subsequently, concentrations of toxic metals were measured in the collected samples using an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, and the basic geochemical properties of the samples were evaluated. The determined values and calculated pollution indices were compared with legislative requirements for limit concentrations of metals in soils, with a selected reference location (NPR Hůrka), and with each other. The work is supplemented with maps of the concentrations of individual elements in selected locations created in the Geographic Information System. The thesis concludes with the concentrations of measured metals and metalloids present in the soil, including the locations of their occurrence in relation to the nearby cement plant and municipal waste landfill. The mapped environment of the Hranice Karst has been evaluated as an environment with only slightly elevated levels of certain elements.
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The importance of root exudates for crop cultivation under climate change
Schnürer, Oliver ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Tylová, Edita (referee)
Root exudates are compounds secreted by plant roots that can help plants, for example, to obtain nutrients from the soil or to increase their resistance to biotic stress. Root exudates can thus hide a great potential that can be used in agriculture. As human population grows, there is increasing pressure on agriculture, which must provide enough food to feed the global population, thus ensuring food security. Until now, agricultural activity has tried to satisfy this demand by intensification of agriculture, mainly by breeding highly productive crops when using intensive fertilizing, but the theoretical possible benefits of root exudates in breeding remained overlooked. Intensive farming practices can further exacerbate the impacts of ongoing climate change, for example by increasing soil carbon mineralization or reducing biodiversity. By using root exudates in the production of crops, it will be possible to achieve a higher nutrient content in soil, as well as a higher resistance of crops to pests, without the aforementioned negative impacts of intensive agriculture. In this work, I tried to describe the main functions of root exudates, their reaction to increased CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, their stress response caused by stressors of climate change and their theoretical use in...
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Stanovení obsahu vybraných prvků ve stavebních a demoličních odpadech
Vítková, Michaela
The diploma thesis “Determination of the content of selected chemical elements in construction and demolition waste” begins with a literature research, where the first part describes the terms that are used in other parts of the thesis. The next part of literature research contains description of legislation related to the topic of the thesis. The aim of the thesis was to verify the concentration of arsenic, chromium, cadmium, lead, nickel and vanadium in the most produced construction and demolition waste, to compared the measured values with legal limits and to evaluate possible impacts on the environment and human health. X-Ray fluorescence analysis, the so-called XRF, was chosen to address the topic. The results show that the most of samples have higher content of chromium and arsenic. At the end of the diploma thesis is an evaluation of the fulfillment of aims and verification of hypotheses.
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Assessment of sediments from the Vuznice resevoir (PLA Krivoklatsko) for agricultural purposes
Cepáková, Šárka ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Komínková, Dana (referee)
The Vůznice Reservoir is located in the Protected Landscape Area Křivoklátsko. The thesis took advantage of the special possibilities to sample bottom sediment from the drained reservoir's space. The Vůznice Reservoir is discharged only exceptionally. Concentrations of heavy metals were evaluated in the sediments' samples. Given values were compared with pollution limits under current legislation of the Czech Republic for possible application of sediments on agricultural land resources. In addition, the values were compared with the U.S. EPA limits, particularly with PEC and TEC. Selected heavy metals meet the required limits of Decree No. 257/2009 Coll. placed on the sediment. Key words: toxic metals, Vuznice, bottom sediment, application of dredged sediments on land
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Impact of urban drainage on heavy metal concentration in aquatic ecosystems
Darmovzalová, Marie ; Komínková, Dana (advisor) ; Hořická, Zuzana (referee)
Urban streams are influenced by number of human activities. Diploma thesis discusses the impact of urban drainage (specifically storm water drains) on toxic metal concentrations, of, in one of Prague's minor creeks - Zátišský Creek. Zátišský Creek flows from the right side to the Vltava River. The creek is 3080 m long with a natural flow 1.9 m3 /s. The creek is affected by seven storm water drains and three rain settling tanks. The creek was monitored from April 2009 to June 2010 during this period six sampling campaign was conducted. The samples were collected from seven remote sampling points, located both upstream and downstream from the storm water drains and rain settling tanks. The impact of storm water drains was assessed based on monitoring of toxic metals content in different parts of the aquatic environments, samples of water, sediment and aquatic biota (benthic organisms and attached algae) were collected and analyzed. The sediment samples and organisms were dried by lyophilisation (freeze dry), and digested in a microwave oven using a solution of nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. Metal concentrations were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry utilizing instrument Solaar S. Overall nine metals were identified: cadmium, lead, nickel, chromium, copper, zinc, aluminum, manganese...
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Ecological evaluation of streams in protected area Křivoklátsko in Directive 2000/60/ES
Kesnerová, Lucie ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Matoušková, Milada (referee)
This thesis deals with the monitoring of water quality and aquatic sediments analysis in the protected area Křivoklátsko. Monitoring was carried out at 16 locations and there were determined 14 physico-chemical parameters . Sediment samples were collected once for the whole period at 14 locations in which was determine the content of metals. In each sediment sample there was analyzed content of selected metals. The results of analysis, water and sediment samples were evaluated according to the Directives and regulations giving limits for water and sediment. Due to the Czech Republic is a member state of the European Union, the state was also evaluated according to Water Framework Directive. Theoretical part of thesis decribes characteristics of metals, their forms in water and soils. This section also contain some informations about water framework directive 2000/60/EC as a great step in a water policy. Moreover there is a short history about development water quality in the Czech Republic. Experimental section contains standards for determining water quality, but indicating in particular the processing of sediment samples from sampling to determine concentrations. The following chapter deals with the evaluation of the results given by legislation - for water to the CSN 75 7221 and Regulation...
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